Your company markets a computerized device for detecting high blood pressure. The device measures an individual’s blood pressure once per hour at a randomly selected time throughout a 12-hour period. Then it calculates the mean systolic (top number) pressure for the sample of measurements. Based on the sample results, the device determines whether there is significant evidence that the individual’s actual mean systolic pressure is greater than 139. If so, it recommends that the person seek medical attention.
The null and alternative hypotheses are given.
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H0: μ = 139
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Ha: μ > 139
(a) Describe a Type I error in the context of this problem.
1. The machine tells someone that they have high systolic blood pressure when, in fact, they do.
2. The machine doesn’t tell someone that they have high systolic blood pressure, when, in fact, they do.
3. The machine doesn’t tell someone that they have high systolic blood pressure when, in fact, they do not.
4. The machine tells someone that they have high systolic blood pressure when, in fact, they do not.
(b) Describe a Type II error in the context of this problem.
1. The machine tells someone he or she has high systolic blood pressure when they do not.
2. The machine fails to tell someone he or she has high systolic blood pressure when they do not.
3. The machine tells someone he or she has high systolic blood pressure when they do.
4. The machine fails to tell someone he or she has high systolic blood pressure when they do.
(c) What is a consequence of a Type I error in this situation?
1. The person doesn’t think he or she has high systolic blood pressure and doesn’t take medicine that he or she needs.
2. The person doesn’t think he or she has high systolic blood pressure and doesn’t start taking medicine that he or she doesn’t need.
3. The person thinks he or she has high systolic blood pressure and starts taking medicine that he or she doesn’t need.
4. The person thinks he or she has high systolic blood pressure and starts taking medicine that he or she needs.
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